Ubuntu 一站式 Zsh 和 Oh My Zsh 安装配置指南

本文介绍了如何在Ubuntu系统上安装和配置zsh和oh-my-zsh，包括基本安装步骤、配置插件等操作。提高终端的使用效率和定制性。

#步骤一：安装 Zsh

#安装Zsh前，需要更新Ubuntu的包列表：

复制sudo apt update

#接下来，安装Zsh

复制sudo apt install zsh -y

#验证安装：

复制zsh --version

#步骤二： 安装 oh my zsh

复制# 下载所需的构建工具和依赖项
apt-get -y install build-essential nghttp2 libnghttp2-dev libssl-dev

使用一行命令安装

复制sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

也可以手动脚本安装

复制vi instal.sh

复制#!/bin/sh 
# 
# This script should be run via curl: 
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" 
# or via wget: 
#   sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" 
# or via fetch: 
#   sh -c "$(fetch -o - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" 
# 
# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards: 
#   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh 
#   sh install.sh 
# 
# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For 
# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository: 
#   ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh 
# 
# Respects the following environment variables: 
#   ZSH     - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh) 
#   REPO    - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh) 
#   REMOTE  - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS) 
#   BRANCH  - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master) 
# 
# Other options: 
#   CHSH       - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes) 
#   RUNZSH     - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes) 
#   KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no) 
# 
# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options: 
#   --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no' 
#   --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no' 
#   --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes' 
# For example: 
#   sh install.sh --unattended 
# or: 
#   sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended 
# 
set -e  
  
# Track if $ZSH was provided 
custom_zsh=${ZSH:+yes}  
  
# Default settings 
ZSH=${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}  
REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}  
REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}  
BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}  
  
# Other options 
CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}  
RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}  
KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}  
  
  
command_exists() {  
    command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1  
}  
  
fmt_error() {  
  printf '%sError: %s%s\n' "$BOLD$RED" "$*" "$RESET" >&2  
}  
  
fmt_underline() {  
  printf '\033[4m%s\033[24m\n' "$*"  
}  
  
fmt_code() {  
  # shellcheck disable=SC2016 # backtic in single-quote 
  printf '`\033[38;5;247m%s%s`\n' "$*" "$RESET"  
}  
  
setup_color() {  
    # Only use colors if connected to a terminal 
    if [ -t 1 ]; then  
        RED=$(printf '\033[31m')  
        GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')  
        YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')  
        BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')  
        BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')  
        RESET=$(printf '\033[m')  
    else  
        RED=""  
        GREEN=""  
        YELLOW=""  
        BLUE=""  
        BOLD=""  
        RESET=""  
    fi  
}  
  
setup_ohmyzsh() {  
  # Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do 
  # so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors 
  # for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note 
  # that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take 
  # precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl". 
  umask g-w,o-w  
  
  echo "${BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${RESET}"  
  
  command_exists git || {  
    fmt_error "git is not installed"  
    exit 1  
  }  
  
  ostype=$(uname)  
  if [ -z "${ostype%CYGWIN*}" ] && git --version | grep -q msysgit; then  
    fmt_error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"  
    fmt_error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"  
    exit 1  
  fi  
  
  git clone -c core.eol=lf -c core.autocrlf=false \  
    -c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \  
    -c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \  
    -c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \  
    --depth=1 --branch "$BRANCH" "$REMOTE" "$ZSH" || {  
    fmt_error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"  
    exit 1  
  }  
  
  echo  
}  
  
setup_zshrc() {  
  # Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones 
  # with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually 
  # destroy a user's original zshrc 
  echo "${BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${RESET}"  
  
  # Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find it 
  OLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh  
  if [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then  
    # Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrc 
    if [ "$KEEP_ZSHRC" = yes ]; then  
      echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Keeping...${RESET}"  
      return  
    fi  
    if [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then  
      OLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"  
      if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then  
        fmt_error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"  
        fmt_error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"  
        exit 1  
      fi  
      mv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"  
  
      echo "${YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \  
        "${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"  
    fi  
    echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"  
    mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"  
  fi  
  
  echo "${GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${RESET}"  
  
  sed "/^export ZSH=/ c\\  
export ZSH=\"$ZSH\"  
" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztemp  
    mv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrc  
  
    echo  
}  
  
setup_shell() {  
  # Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively). 
  if [ "$CHSH" = no ]; then  
    return  
  fi  
  
  # If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch. 
  if [ "$(basename -- "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; then  
    return  
  fi  
  
  # If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out. 
  if ! command_exists chsh; then  
    cat <<EOF  
I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.  
${BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${RESET}  
EOF  
    return  
  fi  
  
  echo "${BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${RESET}"  
  
  # Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shell 
  printf '%sDo you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]%s ' \  
    "$YELLOW" "$RESET"  
  read -r opt  
  case $opt in  
    y*|Y*|"") echo "Changing the shell..." ;;  
    n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;  
    *) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;  
  esac  
  
  # Check if we're running on Termux 
  case "$PREFIX" in  
    *com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;  
    *) termux=false ;;  
  esac  
  
  if [ "$termux" != true ]; then  
    # Test for the right location of the "shells" file 
    if [ -f /etc/shells ]; then  
      shells_file=/etc/shells  
    elif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OS 
      shells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shells  
    else  
      fmt_error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."  
      return  
    fi  
  
    # Get the path to the right zsh binary 
    # 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file 
    # 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually exists 
    if ! zsh=$(command -v zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; then  
      if ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; then  
        fmt_error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"  
        fmt_error "change your default shell manually."  
        return  
      fi  
    fi  
  fi  
  
  # We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current one 
  if [ -n "$SHELL" ]; then  
    echo "$SHELL" > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh  
  else  
    grep "^$USERNAME:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh  
  fi  
  
  # Actually change the default shell to zsh 
  if ! chsh -s "$zsh"; then  
    fmt_error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."  
  else  
    export SHELL="$zsh"  
    echo "${GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${RESET}"  
  fi  
  
  echo  
}  
  
main() {  
  # Run as unattended if stdin is not a tty 
  if [ ! -t 0 ]; then  
    RUNZSH=no  
    CHSH=no  
  fi  
  
  # Parse arguments 
  while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do  
    case $1 in  
      --unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;  
      --skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;  
      --keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;  
    esac  
    shift  
  done  
  
  setup_color  
  
  if ! command_exists zsh; then  
    echo "${YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${RESET} Please install zsh first."  
    exit 1  
  fi  
  
  if [ -d "$ZSH" ]; then  
    echo "${YELLOW}The \$ZSH folder already exists ($ZSH).${RESET}"  
    if [ "$custom_zsh" = yes ]; then  
      cat <<EOF  
  
You ran the installer with the \$ZSH setting or the \$ZSH variable is  
exported. You have 3 options:  
  
1. Unset the ZSH variable when calling the installer:  
   $(fmt_code "ZSH= sh install.sh")  
2. Install Oh My Zsh to a directory that doesn't exist yet:  
   $(fmt_code "ZSH=path/to/new/ohmyzsh/folder sh install.sh")  
3. (Caution) If the folder doesn't contain important information,  
   you can just remove it with $(fmt_code "rm -r $ZSH")  
  
EOF  
    else  
      echo "You'll need to remove it if you want to reinstall."  
    fi  
    exit 1  
  fi  
  
  setup_ohmyzsh  
  setup_zshrc  
  setup_shell  
  
  printf %s "$GREEN"  
  cat <<'EOF'  
         __                                     __  
  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_  
 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \  
/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /  
\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/  
                        /____/                       ....is now installed!  
  
  
EOF  
  cat <<EOF  
Before you scream Oh My Zsh! please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.  
  
• Follow us on Twitter: $(fmt_underline https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh)  
• Join our Discord server: $(fmt_underline https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh)  
• Get stickers, shirts, coffee mugs and other swag: $(fmt_underline https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh)  
  
EOF  
  printf %s "$RESET"  
  
  if [ $RUNZSH = no ]; then  
    echo "${YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${RESET}"  
    exit  
  fi  
  
  exec zsh -l  
}  
  
main "$@"

复制chmod +x install.sh
sudo sh install.sh

#步骤三： 装插件

#安装插件

安装自动补全插件和语法高亮插件以提高命令行的效率和易用性。

复制# 自动补全
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
# 语法高亮
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

#启用插件

编辑.zshrc文件以启用下载的插件。

复制vi ~/.zshrc

在文件中找到plugins=(git)并替换为以下内容：

复制plugins=(
  git
  zsh-autosuggestions
  docker
  docker-compose
)

保存并退出，然后应用更改：

复制source ~/.zshrc